'Watched the whole time': China's surveillance state grows under Xi

'Watched the whole time': China's surveillance state grows under Xi

The average Chinese citizen today spends nearly every waking moment under the watchful eye of the state
The average Chinese citizen today spends nearly every waking moment under the watchful eye of the state. Photo: Greg Baker / AFP/File
Source: AFP

PAY ATTENTION: Click “See First” under the “Following” tab to see Briefly News on your News Feed!

When Chen picked up his phone to vent his anger at getting a parking ticket, his message on WeChat was a drop in the ocean of daily posts on China's biggest social network.

But soon after his tirade against "simple-minded" traffic cops in June, he found himself in the tentacles of the communist country's omniscient surveillance apparatus.

Chen quickly deleted the post, but officers tracked him down and detained him within hours, accusing him of "insulting the police".

He was locked up for five days for "inappropriate speech".

His case -- one of the thousands logged by a dissident and reported by local media -- laid bare the pervasive monitoring that characterises life in China today.

Its leaders have long taken an authoritarian approach to social control.

PAY ATTENTION: Follow Briefly News on Twitter and never miss the hottest topics! Find us at @brieflyza!

Read also

Iran schoolgirls lead protests over Mahsa Amini death

But since President Xi Jinping took power in 2012, he has reined in the relatively freewheeling social currents of the turn of the century, using a combination of technology, law and ideology to squeeze dissent and preempt threats to his rule.

Ostensibly targeting criminals and aimed at protecting order, social controls have been turned against dissidents, activists and religious minorities, as well as ordinary people -- such as Chen -- judged to have crossed the line.

Eyes in the sky

The average Chinese citizen today spends nearly every waking moment under the watchful eye of the state.

Research firm Comparitech estimates the average Chinese city has more than 370 security cameras per 1,000 people -- making them the most surveilled places in the world
Research firm Comparitech estimates the average Chinese city has more than 370 security cameras per 1,000 people -- making them the most surveilled places in the world. Photo: Jade GAO / AFP
Source: AFP

Research firm Comparitech estimates the average Chinese city has more than 370 security cameras per 1,000 people -- making them the most surveilled places in the world -- compared with London's 13 or Singapore's 18 per 1,000.

The nationwide "Skynet" urban surveillance project has ballooned, with cameras capable of recognising faces, clothing and age.

Read also

'Above the law': Indonesia stampede puts focus on police force

"We are being watched the whole time," an environmental activist who declined to be named told AFP.

The Communist Party's grip is most stark in the far-western region of Xinjiang, where facial recognition and DNA collection have been deployed on mainly Muslim minorities in the name of counter-terrorism.

The Covid-19 pandemic has turbo-charged China's monitoring framework, with citizens now tracked on their smartphones via an app that determines where they can go based on green, yellow or red codes.

Regulations rolled out since 2012 closed loopholes that allowed people to purchase SIM cards without giving their names, and mandated government identification for tickets on virtually all forms of transport.

Online offences

There is no respite online, where even shopping apps require registration with a phone number tied to an identification document.

Wang, a Chinese dissident speaking to AFP under a pseudonym due to safety concerns, recalled a time before Xi when censors were not all-knowing and "telling jokes about (former Chinese president) Jiang Zemin on the internet was actually very popular".

Read also

How China's civil society collapsed under Xi

But the Chinese internet -- behind the "Great Firewall" since the early 2000s -- has become an increasingly policed space.

Wang runs a Twitter account tracking thousands of cases of people detained, fined or punished for speech acts since 2013.

Thanks to the real-name verification system as well as cooperation between police and social media platforms, people have been punished for a vast array of online offences.

Platforms such as Weibo employ thousands of content moderators and automatically block politically sensitive keywords, such as tennis star Peng Shuai's name after she accused a senior politician of sexual assault last year.

Cyberspace authorities are proposing new rules that would force platforms to monitor comments sections on posts -- one of the last avenues for people to voice their grievances online.

Ideological policing

Many of the surveillance technologies in use have been embraced in other countries.

"The real difference in China is the lack of independent media and civil society able to provide meaningful criticism of innovations or to point out their many flaws," Jeremy Daum, from the Paul Tsai China Center at Yale Law School, told AFP.

Read also

Xi's 'Chinese Dream' flickers in one Beijing neighbourhood

Xi has reshaped Chinese society, with the Communist Party stipulating what citizens "ought to know, to feel, to think, and say, and do", Vivienne Shue, professor emeritus of contemporary China studies at Oxford University, told AFP.

Youngsters are kept away from foreign influences, with authorities banning international books and forbidding tutoring companies from hiring overseas teachers.

Ideological policing has even extended to fashion, with television stations censoring tattoos and earrings on men.

"What disturbs me more is not the censorship itself, but how it shaped the ideology of people," said Wang, the Twitter account owner.

"With dissenting information being eliminated, every website becomes a cult, where the government and leaders have to be worshipped."

PAY ATTENTION: Сheck out news that is picked exactly for YOU ➡️ find the “Recommended for you” block on the home page and enjoy!

Source: AFP

Authors:
AFP avatar

AFP AFP text, photo, graphic, audio or video material shall not be published, broadcast, rewritten for broadcast or publication or redistributed directly or indirectly in any medium. AFP news material may not be stored in whole or in part in a computer or otherwise except for personal and non-commercial use. AFP will not be held liable for any delays, inaccuracies, errors or omissions in any AFP news material or in transmission or delivery of all or any part thereof or for any damages whatsoever. As a newswire service, AFP does not obtain releases from subjects, individuals, groups or entities contained in its photographs, videos, graphics or quoted in its texts. Further, no clearance is obtained from the owners of any trademarks or copyrighted materials whose marks and materials are included in AFP material. Therefore you will be solely responsible for obtaining any and all necessary releases from whatever individuals and/or entities necessary for any uses of AFP material.